Paulman R, Meyers-Abell J
J Clin Psychol. 1980 Oct;36(4):844-52. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198010)36:4<844::aid-jclp2270360402>3.0.co;2-m.
Compared Chapman's "response-bias" theory and Broen and Storms' "response-disorganization" theory of schizophrenic psychological deficit in a combined experimental format. Twenty-six hospitalized schizophrenics and 26 normal Ss, equivalent in age, education, and WAIS vocabulary, were administered a modification of Roberts and Schuhams' (1974) vocabulary sorting task. Ss chose a word conceptually similar to a referent from correct, moderate- or strong-distracter, and irrelevant responses. Half of the participants performed under induced muscular tension (squeezing a hand dynamometer). Results indicated that, congruent with Broen and Storms' theory, heightened arousal increased frequency of nondominant, strong-distracter errors in normals, but did not affect moderate distracter selection. No significant arousal effects emerged in the schizophrenics. The patient group essentially performed according to Chapman's theory, making significantly more strong- than moderate-distracter errors under both conditions. Rank orders of normal and schizophrenic errors did not differ significantly. Implications are discussed.
以一种组合实验形式比较了查普曼的“反应偏差”理论和布罗恩与斯托姆斯的关于精神分裂症心理缺陷的“反应紊乱”理论。选取了26名住院精神分裂症患者和26名年龄、教育程度及韦氏成人智力量表词汇量相当的正常受试者，让他们完成对罗伯茨和舒哈姆（1974年）词汇分类任务的一项修改。受试者要从正确反应、中度或强烈干扰反应以及无关反应中选择一个在概念上与参照词相似的词。一半参与者在诱发肌肉紧张（挤压握力计）的情况下完成任务。结果表明，与布罗恩和斯托姆斯的理论一致，唤醒水平提高会增加正常受试者非主导的、强烈干扰错误的频率，但不影响中度干扰选择。在精神分裂症患者中未出现显著的唤醒效应。患者组基本上按照查普曼的理论表现，在两种条件下，做出的强烈干扰错误显著多于中度干扰错误。正常受试者和精神分裂症患者错误的排序没有显著差异。文中讨论了相关意义。
