Sackeim H A, Shapiro H E
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1981 Sep;169(9):591-8. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198109000-00006.
Previous studies have shown that nonparanoid schizophrenics are more likely than normals to select word associates on forced choice tests that are more characteristic of children than they are of adults. Both the view that schizophrenics are regressed in their thinking and Chapman and Chapman's theory that schizophrenics are deficient in evaluating the strengths of competing responses can account for these findings. To test the merits of each theory, a four alternative, forced choice, word association task was constructed and validated with samples of undergraduates and children. This task and a free association task requiring self-generation of response were administered to nonparanoid and paranoid schizophrenics and to normal controls. The results for the forced choice task indicated that the associative hierarchy of nonparanoid schizophrenics approximated that of children, supporting the regression hypothesis and contradicting Chapman and Chapman's theory. The findings with the free association task were less clear, and the discrepancy in results for the two tasks is discussed.
以往的研究表明，在强制选择测试中，非偏执型精神分裂症患者比正常人更倾向于选择那些更具儿童特征而非成人特征的词语联想。精神分裂症患者思维退行的观点以及查普曼夫妇的理论（即精神分裂症患者在评估竞争反应的强度方面存在缺陷）都可以解释这些发现。为了检验每种理论的价值，构建了一个有四个选项的强制选择词语联想任务，并在大学生和儿童样本中进行了验证。这个任务以及一个需要自行生成反应的自由联想任务被施测于非偏执型和偏执型精神分裂症患者以及正常对照组。强制选择任务的结果表明，非偏执型精神分裂症患者的联想层级与儿童的相似，这支持了退行假说，与查普曼夫妇的理论相矛盾。自由联想任务的结果不太明确，并且对两项任务结果的差异进行了讨论。
