Cheng L
J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1980 Aug;4(1):317-49.
Calculi in the urinary tract is a disease which afflicts not only man, but also experimental animals. The incidence of human stone disease varies widely according to the geographical area. With the advent of sophisticated physicochemical techniques, the elucidation of structure and the quantification of mineral components of urinary calculi have been greatly facilitated. In addition to calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, more than ten other minerals and a large number of trace elements have been identified to date. Matrix material consists of such macro-molecules as proteins and mucopolysaccharides. The etiology of urinary calculi is varied; diet, drugs, chemicals, bladder implants, infections, metabolic derangements, and environmental influences are some of the factors that can contribute to the pathogenesis of stones. The literature findings reflect the complexity of urolithiasis as a clinicopathological problem.
尿路结石是一种不仅折磨人类，也困扰实验动物的疾病。人类结石病的发病率因地理区域而异。随着精密物理化学技术的出现，尿路结石结构的阐明和矿物质成分的定量分析得到了极大的促进。除草酸钙和磷酸钙外，迄今已鉴定出十多种其他矿物质和大量微量元素。基质材料由蛋白质和粘多糖等大分子组成。尿路结石的病因多种多样；饮食、药物、化学物质、膀胱植入物、感染、代谢紊乱和环境影响等都是可能导致结石发病的因素。文献研究结果反映了尿石症作为一个临床病理问题的复杂性。
