Dieterich M
Int J Rehabil Res. 1980;3(3):349-56. doi: 10.1097/00004356-198009000-00004.
In many countries there are minimum standards for entry into vocational training programs, but until now there has been no instrument for determining whether retarded applicants possess the motor skills required to enter and complete such programs. To construct such an instrument, experts representing most of the skilled vocations in West Germany were consulted about typical skills required during the vocational education in their fields. Based on their responses, a catalog of essential skills was compiled and testing procedures (Handwerklich-Motorischer Eignungstest HAMET) were developed to determine vocationally-oriented motor skills for use in diagnostic and remedial programs for the retarded. A test administered to more than 100 mentally retarded youth showed significant and typical deficiencies in motor skills compared with those of non-retarded individuals. By using a factor analysis of the HAMET-items, it was possible to isolate elementary motor functions which are common to all the skilled vocations. Knowledge of these factors made it possible to start one-year training courses to develop vocational maturity. With selected exercises based on the HAMET-items the courses were very successful. In contrast to traditional programs for the mentally retarded it could also be shown that frequent changes of workshops and of vocational education staff are not necessary and that the entire training program can be carried out in one equipped workshop.
在许多国家，进入职业培训项目都有最低标准，但到目前为止，还没有一种工具能确定智力迟钝的申请者是否具备进入并完成此类项目所需的运动技能。为了构建这样一种工具，咨询了代表西德大多数熟练职业的专家，了解他们所在领域职业教育期间所需的典型技能。根据他们的回答，编制了一份基本技能目录，并开发了测试程序（手工 - 运动能力测试HAMET），以确定用于智力迟钝者诊断和补救项目的面向职业的运动技能。对100多名智力迟钝青年进行的一项测试表明，与非智力迟钝者相比，他们在运动技能方面存在显著且典型的缺陷。通过对HAMET项目进行因素分析，有可能分离出所有熟练职业共有的基本运动功能。了解这些因素后，便可以开设为期一年的培训课程来培养职业成熟度。基于HAMET项目进行的选定练习使这些课程非常成功。与传统的智力迟钝者项目相比，还可以表明，频繁更换车间和职业教育工作人员是不必要的，整个培训项目可以在一个配备齐全的车间内进行。
