Rotimi V O, Duerden B I
J Med Microbiol. 1981 Feb;14(1):51-62. doi: 10.1099/00222615-14-1-51.
The development of the bacterial flora of neonates during the first week of life was studied in 23 babies. Specimens of meconium or faeces were collected and swabs taken from the umbilicus and mouth on days, 1, 2, 3 and 6. The bacteria present were isolated on a variety of plain and selective media. The predominant faecal organisms by the end of the first week were anaerobes. Bifidobacteria were isolated from all the neonates and bacteroides and clostridia were isolated from 78.3%. Bifidobacteria and bacteroides were present in large numbers; other species were isolated in smaller numbers. Enterococci were isolated from all neonates, enterobacteria from 82.6%, anaerobic cocci from 52.2%, and streptococci and staphylococci from 34.8% each. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species isolated from the umbilicus; it was isolated from 21.7% of neonates on the first day rising to 87.0% by the sixth day and represented 49% of isolates from this site. S. albus, streptococci, enterococci and Escherichia coli were each isolated from a few neonates. Viridans streptococci (31.4% of isolates) and Streptococcus salivarius (25.1%) were the commonest species recovered from the mouth. They were present from 8 h after birth; S. albus and Neisseria spp. were isolated later on the first day, and anaerobic species of Veillonella and Bifidobacterium appeared on the second day.
对23名婴儿出生后第一周内的细菌菌群发育情况进行了研究。在第1、2、3和6天收集胎粪或粪便样本，并从脐带和口腔采集拭子。将存在的细菌在多种普通和选择性培养基上进行分离。到第一周结束时，主要的粪便微生物是厌氧菌。所有新生儿均分离出双歧杆菌，78.3%的新生儿分离出拟杆菌和梭菌。双歧杆菌和拟杆菌数量众多；其他菌种分离出的数量较少。所有新生儿均分离出肠球菌，82.6%的新生儿分离出肠杆菌，52.2%的新生儿分离出厌氧球菌，34.8%的新生儿分别分离出链球菌和葡萄球菌。金黄色葡萄球菌是从脐带分离出的主要菌种；第一天从21.7%的新生儿中分离出，到第六天升至87.0%，占该部位分离菌的49%。白色葡萄球菌、链球菌、肠球菌和大肠杆菌分别从少数新生儿中分离出。草绿色链球菌（占分离菌的31.4%）和唾液链球菌（占25.1%）是从口腔中分离出的最常见菌种。它们在出生后8小时就已存在；白色葡萄球菌和奈瑟菌属在第一天晚些时候分离出，韦荣球菌属和双歧杆菌的厌氧菌种在第二天出现。
