The Oral Microbial Ecosystem in Age-Related Xerostomia: A Critical Review.

Xerostomia is a widespread condition among the elderly, impacting as many as 50% of individuals within this demographic. This review aims to analyze the association between age-related xerostomia and the oral microbial ecosystem. Xerostomia not only induces discomfort but also heightens the susceptibility to oral diseases, including dental caries and infections. The oral microbial ecosystem, characterized by a dynamic equilibrium of microorganisms, is integral to the maintenance of oral health. Dysbiosis, defined as a microbial imbalance, can further aggravate oral health complications in those suffering from xerostomia. This review investigates the composition, diversity, and functionality of the oral microbiota in elderly individuals experiencing xerostomia, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying dysbiosis and its ramifications for both oral and systemic health. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions is vital for the formulation of effective management and prevention strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of life for older adults.