Caetano R, Kaskutas L A
Alcohol Research Group, Berkeley, California 94709, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1995 Sep;56(5):558-65. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1995.56.558.
This article reports a longitudinal study of drinking patterns among whites, blacks and Hispanics between 1984 and 1992.
A probability sample including 1,777 whites, 1,947 blacks and 1,453 Hispanics in the U.S. adult household population was interviewed in 1984. In 1992 a subsample consisting of 788 whites, 723 blacks and 703 Hispanics was reinterviewed. Interviews averaging 1 hour in length were conducted in respondents' home by trained interviewers.
Abstention increased in all groups with the exception of Hispanic women, among whom it remained stable. Heavy drinking decreased only among white men (from 19% to 12%). Among men, the incidence of heavy drinking was 7% among whites, 10% among blacks and 17% among Hispanics. The stability of heavy drinking was greater among black (51%) and Hispanic men (43%) than among white men (32%). The best predictor of drinking in 1992 was drinking in 1984.
Reductions in heavy drinking observed among whites were not observed among blacks and Hispanics. The greater stability of heavy drinking in the minority groups helps to explain higher rates of problems reported in the literature for these two groups. Prevention efforts targeting drinking and heavy drinking among blacks and Hispanics must be renewed and intensified.
本文报告了一项关于1984年至1992年间白人、黑人和西班牙裔饮酒模式的纵向研究。
1984年对美国成年家庭人口中包括1777名白人、1947名黑人和1453名西班牙裔的概率样本进行了访谈。1992年，对由788名白人、723名黑人和703名西班牙裔组成的子样本进行了重新访谈。训练有素的访谈员在受访者家中进行平均时长为1小时的访谈。
除西班牙裔女性外，所有群体的戒酒率均有所上升，而西班牙裔女性的戒酒率保持稳定。重度饮酒仅在白人男性中有所下降（从19%降至12%）。在男性中，白人的重度饮酒发生率为7%，黑人中为10%，西班牙裔中为17%。黑人男性（51%）和西班牙裔男性（43%）的重度饮酒稳定性高于白人男性（32%）。1992年饮酒情况的最佳预测指标是1984年的饮酒情况。
在黑人及西班牙裔中未观察到白人中出现的重度饮酒减少情况。少数群体中重度饮酒的更高稳定性有助于解释文献中报道的这两个群体更高的问题发生率。针对黑人和西班牙裔饮酒及重度饮酒的预防工作必须重新开展并加强。
