University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas Regional Campus, 6011 Harry Hines Blvd., V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010 Oct;34(10):1782-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01265.x. Epub 2010 Jul 20.
There have been limited trend studies examining variations on the patterns of alcohol consumption among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics in the United States. The current paper reports national trends in drinking patterns, volume of drinking (number of drinks per month), binge drinking, and drinking to intoxication among Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics over a period of 10 years and identifies sociodemographic predictors of these behaviors across the 3 ethnic groups.
Data are from the 1991 to 1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES; n = 42,862) and the 2001 to 2002 National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; n = 43,093). Both surveys used multistage cluster sample procedures to select respondents 18 years of age and older from the U.S. household population.
Trends varied across different dimensions of drinking and ethnic groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean number of drinks consumed per month among men and women in any of the 3 ethnic groups between 1992 and 2002, but there was a significant rise in the proportion of current drinkers in both genders and in all 3 ethnic groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that, compared to Whites in 1992, Blacks and Hispanics did not increase their volume of drinking, but Whites did. Drinking 5 or more drinks in day at all did not increase between 1992 and 2002, but drinking 5 or more drinks at least once a month was more likely for all groups in 2002 compared to Whites in 1992. Drinking to intoxication at all was more likely among Whites in 2002 than 1992, but drinking to intoxication at least once a month was more likely among Whites and Blacks in 2002 than 1992.
The only common trend between 1992 and 2002 across both genders and 3 ethnic groups was a rise in the proportion of drinkers. There was also a rise in drinking 5 or more drinks in a day (Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics) and drinking to intoxication (Whites and Blacks), but this was limited to those reporting such drinking at least once a month. The reasons for these changes are many and may involve complex sociodemographic changes in the population. It is important for the field to closely monitor these cross-ethnic trends in alcohol consumption.
针对美国白种人、黑种人和西班牙裔人群的饮酒模式变化，已有一些趋势研究，但仍十分有限。本研究报告了在过去 10 年中黑种人、白种人和西班牙裔人群的饮酒模式、饮酒量（每月饮酒次数）、狂饮和醉酒饮酒的全国趋势，并确定了这 3 个人群中这些行为的社会人口学预测因素。
数据来自 1991 年至 1992 年的国家纵向酒精流行病学调查（NLAES；n=42862）和 2001 年至 2002 年的国家酒精与相关条件流行病学研究（NESARC；n=43093）。这两项调查均采用多阶段聚类抽样程序，从美国家庭人口中选择 18 岁及以上的受访者。
不同的饮酒维度和种族群体的趋势存在差异。在 1992 年至 2002 年期间，男性和女性在任何一个种族群体中每月的平均饮酒量没有统计学意义上的差异，但两性和所有三个种族群体中当前饮酒者的比例都显著上升。多变量分析表明，与 1992 年的白人相比，黑人和西班牙裔人的饮酒量没有增加，但白人的饮酒量有所增加。1992 年至 2002 年期间，每日饮用 5 杯或以上的情况并未增加，但与 1992 年的白人相比，2002 年所有群体每月至少饮用 5 杯的可能性更大。2002 年，白人醉酒的可能性高于 1992 年，但 2002 年白人及黑醉酒的可能性高于 1992 年。
1992 年至 2002 年期间，两性和三个种族群体的唯一共同趋势是饮酒者比例的上升。每日饮用 5 杯或以上（白种人、黑种人和西班牙裔人）和醉酒（白种人和黑种人）的比例也有所上升，但这仅限于每月至少报告一次此类饮酒的人群。这些变化的原因很多，可能涉及人口中复杂的社会人口变化。该领域密切监测这些跨种族的饮酒趋势非常重要。
