Caetano R, Clark C L
Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1998 Nov;59(6):659-68. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1998.59.659.
To report national trends in alcohol consumption patterns among whites, blacks and Hispanics between 1984 and 1995, in relation to the recent decline in per capita consumption in the United States.
Data were obtained from two nationwide probability samples of U.S. households, the first conducted in 1984 and the second in 1995. The 1984 sample consisted of 1,777 whites, 1,947 blacks and 1,453 Hispanics; the 1995 sample consisted of 1,636 whites, 1,582 blacks and 1,585 Hispanics. On both occasions, interviews averaging 1 hour in length were conducted in respondents' homes by trained interviewers.
Between 1984 and 1995, the rate of abstention remained stable among whites but increased among blacks and Hispanics. Frequent heavy drinking decreased among white men (from 20% to 12%), but remained stable among black (15% in both surveys) and Hispanic men (17% and 18%). Frequent heavy drinking decreased among white women (from 5% to 2%), but remained stable among black (5% in both surveys) and Hispanic women (2% and 3%). White men and women were two times more likely to be frequent heavy drinkers in 1984 than in 1995.
The reduction in per capita consumption in the U.S. is differentially influencing white, black and Hispanic ethnic groups. The stability of rates of frequent heavy drinking places blacks and Hispanics at a higher risk for problem development than whites. This finding is, therefore, a concern to public health professionals and others interested in the prevention of alcohol-related problems among ethnic groups in the United States.
报告1984年至1995年间美国白种人、黑种人和西班牙裔人群饮酒模式的全国性趋势，以及与美国人均饮酒量近期下降的关系。
数据来自美国全国范围内两个家庭概率样本，第一个样本于1984年采集，第二个样本于1995年采集。1984年的样本包括1777名白种人、1947名黑种人和1453名西班牙裔；1995年的样本包括1636名白种人、1582名黑种人和1585名西班牙裔。在这两次调查中，由经过培训的访员在受访者家中进行平均时长为1小时的访谈。
1984年至1995年间，白种人的戒酒率保持稳定，而黑种人和西班牙裔人群的戒酒率有所上升。白种男性频繁大量饮酒的比例下降（从20%降至12%），但黑种男性（两次调查均为15%）和西班牙裔男性（分别为17%和18%）的这一比例保持稳定。白种女性频繁大量饮酒的比例下降（从5%降至2%），但黑种女性（两次调查均为5%）和西班牙裔女性（分别为2%和3%）的这一比例保持稳定。1984年，白种男性和女性频繁大量饮酒的可能性是1995年的两倍。
美国人均饮酒量的下降对不同种族群体的影响存在差异。频繁大量饮酒比例的稳定性使黑种人和西班牙裔人群比白种人面临更高的问题发展风险。因此，这一发现引起了关注美国不同种族群体酒精相关问题预防的公共卫生专业人员及其他人士的担忧。
