Giancola P R, Zeichner A
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-3013, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1995 Sep;56(5):573-9. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1995.56.573.
The majority of the research on alcohol-related aggression has been conducted on men. This bias has persisted despite mounting evidence indicating gender differences in aggression. As such, the purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in alcohol-related aggression.
Subjects were 64 men and 64 women who competed against either male or female fictitious opponents on a modified version of the Taylor aggression paradigm in which electric shocks were received from and administered to a fictitious opponent during a competitive task. Aggression was operationalized as the intensity and duration of the shocks selected by the subjects. Subjects were assigned to either an alcohol, a placebo or a sober group.
Alcohol increased both shock intensity and duration in men; however, it only increased shock duration in women. Men behaved more aggressively toward men, whereas women displayed equal levels of aggression toward both genders. Alcohol expectancies did not appear to have an effect on aggressive behavior for either gender.
The findings of this investigation indicate that alcohol differentially affects aggressive responding in men and women. It is suggested that men are likely to express alcohol-related aggression in direct (shock intensity) and indirect (shock duration) forms, whereas women are most likely to use indirect forms (shock duration).
大多数关于酒精相关攻击行为的研究都是针对男性进行的。尽管越来越多的证据表明攻击行为存在性别差异，但这种偏差仍然存在。因此，本研究的目的是调查酒精相关攻击行为中的性别差异。
研究对象为64名男性和64名女性，他们在泰勒攻击范式的改良版中与虚拟对手竞争，在竞争任务中会受到虚拟对手的电击并对其实施电击。攻击行为通过受试者选择的电击强度和持续时间来衡量。受试者被分为酒精组、安慰剂组或清醒组。
酒精增加了男性的电击强度和持续时间；然而，它只增加了女性的电击持续时间。男性对男性表现出更具攻击性的行为，而女性对两性表现出同等程度的攻击性。酒精预期似乎对两性的攻击行为都没有影响。
本研究结果表明，酒精对男性和女性的攻击反应有不同的影响。研究表明，男性可能以直接（电击强度）和间接（电击持续时间）的形式表现出与酒精相关的攻击行为，而女性最有可能使用间接形式（电击持续时间）。
