Johnson W G, Carr-Nangle R E, Bergeron K C
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA.
Psychosom Med. 1995 Jul-Aug;57(4):324-30. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199507000-00003.
The present investigation studied the relationship between symptoms of menstrual distress and macronutrient intake, eating behavior, and exercise in healthy women. Twenty-six normally menstruating women with no complaints of menstrual distress completed a disguised questionnaire on menstrual symptoms and monitored the type and amount of food consumed as well as the type and duration of exercise during a full menstrual cycle. Menstrual cycle phases were determined by the presence of menses, ovarian hormonal assays, and basal temperature monitoring. Reports of pain, water retention, negative affect, behavior change, and arousal were significantly higher (p < .05 or better) in the perimenstruum when compared to the follicular and luteal phases. During the perimenstruum, a higher energy intake of carbohydrate was associated with higher ratings of negative affect (p < .01) and impaired performance/decreased activity (p < .05). Lower energy intake of protein was associated with higher ratings of well being (p < .05). Overeating and dieting behavior were related to greater water retention (p < .01), autonomic reactions (p < .05), and appetite (p < .05). The amount of aerobic exercise in contrast to the intensity was related to lower water retention (p < .01), autonomic reactions (p < .05), and appetite (p < .01). Carbohydrate consumption, eating behavior, and regular exercise are reliably associated with menstrual distress and deserving of experimental evaluation as treatment interventions for menstrual distress.
本研究调查了健康女性月经不适症状与常量营养素摄入、饮食行为及运动之间的关系。26名无月经不适主诉的正常月经女性完成了一份关于月经症状的伪装问卷，并在整个月经周期内监测所摄入食物的类型和数量以及运动的类型和时长。月经周期阶段通过月经情况、卵巢激素测定和基础体温监测来确定。与卵泡期和黄体期相比，围经期的疼痛、水潴留、负面情绪、行为改变及觉醒报告显著更高（p < .05或更佳）。在围经期，较高的碳水化合物能量摄入与更高的负面情绪评分（p < .01）及表现受损/活动减少（p < .05）相关。较低的蛋白质能量摄入与更高的幸福感评分（p < .05）相关。暴饮暴食和节食行为与更多的水潴留（p < .01）、自主反应（p < .05）及食欲（p < .05）有关。与运动强度相比，有氧运动的量与更低程度的水潴留（p < .01）、自主反应（p < .05）及食欲（p < .01）有关。碳水化合物摄入、饮食行为及规律运动与月经不适可靠相关，值得作为月经不适的治疗干预措施进行实验评估。
