Florack E I, Pellegrino A E, Zielhuis G A, Rolland R
Department of Epidemiology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1995 Jun;21(3):199-207. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.28.
The influence of occupational physical activity on pregnancy duration and birthweight was examined.
In this prospective study information on levels of occupational physical activity was collected during a personal interview before pregnancy, and possible changes were registered during follow-up, which lasted until after birth. Data on pregnancy duration and birthweight were obtained from midwives, physicians, and obstetricians. The occupational energy expenditure was operationalized in intensity and fatigue scores, which were studied as such and in combination with workhours and work speed. The occupational biomechanical load was operationalized in a peak and a chronic pressure score.
The participants were part of a group of 260 cleaners, kitchen staff, and clerical workers enrolled from 39 Dutch hospitals between August 1987 and January 1989 before they became pregnant. One hundred and twenty-eight of these women were eligible for study because they became pregnant, they worked at least six weeks during pregnancy, and information on work aspects during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome was complete. Work with a high intensity score, and to a less extent work with a high fatigue score, had the most outstanding effect (up to 18 d shorter) on pregnancy duration when the work speed was high. None of the studied aspects of occupational physical activity showed a relevant influence on birthweight when adjusted for pregnancy duration.
This study indicates that the levels of occupational physical load found in the work of nonmedical hospital staff, especially when combined with high work speed, can lead to a shorter pregnancy period.
研究职业体力活动对孕期时长和出生体重的影响。
在这项前瞻性研究中，在怀孕前的个人访谈中收集职业体力活动水平的信息，并在随访期间记录可能的变化，随访持续至分娩后。孕期时长和出生体重的数据来自助产士、医生和产科医生。职业能量消耗通过强度和疲劳评分来衡量，并将其与工作时间和工作速度结合起来进行研究。职业生物力学负荷通过峰值和慢性压力评分来衡量。
参与者是1987年8月至1989年1月期间从39家荷兰医院招募的260名清洁工、厨房工作人员和文职人员中的一部分，这些人当时尚未怀孕。其中128名女性符合研究条件，因为她们怀孕了，孕期工作至少六周，且孕期工作方面和妊娠结局的信息完整。当工作速度较高时，高强度评分的工作，以及在较小程度上高疲劳评分的工作，对孕期时长的影响最为显著（最多缩短18天）。在根据孕期时长进行调整后，职业体力活动的所有研究方面均未显示出对出生体重有相关影响。
本研究表明，非医疗医院工作人员工作中的职业体力负荷水平，尤其是与高工作速度相结合时，可能会导致孕期缩短。
