Harris J, Holm S
Centre for Social Ethics and Policy, University of Manchester.
BMJ. 1995 Nov 4;311(7014):1215-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.7014.1215.
The emergence of HIV infection and AIDS has refocused concern on the obligations surrounding the carrying and transmission of communicable diseases. This article asks three related questions: Is there a general duty not to spread contagion? Are there special obligations not to communicate disease in the workplace? And does the mode of transmission of the disease affect the ethics of transmission and, if so, how and to what extent? There seems to be a strong prima facie obligation not to harm others by making them ill where this is avoidable, and this obligation not to communicate disease applies as much to relatively trivial diseases like the common cold as it does to HIV disease. The reasonableness of expecting people to live up to this obligation, however, depends on society reciprocating the obligation in the form of providing protection and compensation.
艾滋病毒感染和艾滋病的出现，使人们重新关注围绕传染病传播和携带所应承担的义务。本文提出三个相关问题：是否存在不传播传染病的一般义务？在工作场所是否存在不传播疾病的特殊义务？疾病的传播方式是否会影响传播的伦理道德，如果是，如何影响以及影响到何种程度？在可避免的情况下，似乎存在一项强烈的初步义务，即不通过使他人患病来伤害他人，而且这项不传播疾病的义务适用于像普通感冒这样相对轻微的疾病，也同样适用于艾滋病毒疾病。然而，期望人们履行这一义务是否合理，取决于社会是否以提供保护和补偿的形式来回应这一义务。
