Sacks F M, Brown L E, Appel L, Borhani N O, Evans D, Whelton P
Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA.
Hypertension. 1995 Dec;26(6 Pt 1):950-6. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.26.6.950.
Dietary intakes of potassium, calcium, and magnesium have each been reported to lower blood pressure, but the extent of blood pressure reduction in epidemiological studies and clinical trials has tended to be small and inconsistent. We hypothesized that combinations of these mineral supplements would lower blood pressure and that the reductions would be greater than that usually reported in studies of each cation alone. One hundred twenty-five patients 82 men and 43 women) with untreated mild or borderline hypertension were randomly assigned to daily treatment with one of the following four regimens: 60 mmol potassium and 25 mmol (1000 mg) calcium, 60 mmol potassium and 15 mmol (360 mg) magnesium, calcium and magnesium, or placebo. Standardized clinic blood pressure measurements were obtained on 3 days at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. At baseline, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mean +/- SD) were 139 +/- 12 and 90 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively, and dietary intakes of potassium, calcium, and magnesium were 77 +/- 32, 19 +/- 13, and 12 +/- 52 mmol/d, respectively. The mean differences (with 95% confidence intervals) of the changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures between the treatment and placebo groups were not significant: -0.7 (-4.3 to +2.9) and -0.4 (-2.9 to +2.1) for potassium and calcium, -1.3 (-4.4 to +1.8) and 0.4 (-2.5 to +3.3) for potassium and magnesium, and +2.1 (-1.8 to +6.0) and +2.2 (-1.0 to +5.4) for calcium and magnesium. In conclusion, this trial provides little evidence of an important role of combinations of cation supplements in the treatment of mild or borderline hypertension.
据报道，钾、钙和镁的膳食摄入量均可降低血压，但在流行病学研究和临床试验中，血压降低的幅度往往较小且不一致。我们推测，这些矿物质补充剂的组合会降低血压，且降低幅度会大于以往单独研究每种阳离子时通常报道的幅度。125例未经治疗的轻度或临界高血压患者（82例男性和43例女性）被随机分配至以下四种治疗方案之一进行每日治疗：60毫摩尔钾和25毫摩尔（1000毫克）钙、60毫摩尔钾和15毫摩尔（360毫克）镁、钙和镁，或安慰剂。在基线时以及治疗3个月和6个月后，在3天内进行标准化的诊室血压测量。基线时，收缩压和舒张压（均值±标准差）分别为139±12和90±4毫米汞柱，钾、钙和镁的膳食摄入量分别为77±32、19±13和12±52毫摩尔/天。治疗组与安慰剂组之间收缩压和舒张压变化的平均差异（及其95%置信区间）无显著意义：钾和钙组分别为-0.7（-4.3至+2.9）和-0.4（-2.9至+2.1）；钾和镁组分别为-1.3（-4.4至+1.8）和0.4（-2.5至+3.3）；钙和镁组分别为+2.1（-1.8至+6.0）和+2.2（-1.0至+5.4）。总之，该试验几乎没有证据表明阳离子补充剂组合在治疗轻度或临界高血压中起重要作用。
