Gonzáles I, Niebla A, Vallin C
Centre of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Havana, Cuba.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1995;15(1):17-22.
The resistance patterns to 26 beta-lactams and 8 quinolones of clinical isolates from Cuban hospitals were evaluated using the disk susceptibility test, according to the NCCLS guidelines (1992). The genera studied were Escherichia sp (320), Enterobacter sp (10), Klebsiella sp (90), Proteus sp (10), Pseudomonas sp (90), Serratia sp (20), and Staphylococcus sp (80). Higher resistance to beta-lactams was observed in the genera Pseudomonas, Escherichia and Klebsiella. For fluoroquinolones we found no significant resistance, with the exception of the genus Klebsiella. The most effective antibiotics were cephalosporins of the second and third generations, fluoroquinolones, and non-classical beta-lactams (cephamycins, moxalactam and monobactams). On the contrary, a pronounced resistance was found to penicillin, oxacillin, ticarcillin, ampicillin, methicillin, nalidixic acid and cinoxacin. These resistance patterns correspond to the high consumption of these antibiotics throughout the country.
根据美国国家临床实验室标准委员会（NCCLS）1992年的指南，采用纸片扩散法药敏试验对来自古巴医院临床分离株的26种β-内酰胺类药物和8种喹诺酮类药物的耐药模式进行了评估。所研究的菌属包括大肠埃希菌属（320株）、肠杆菌属（10株）、克雷伯菌属（90株）、变形杆菌属（10株）、假单胞菌属（90株）、沙雷菌属（20株）和葡萄球菌属（80株）。在假单胞菌属、大肠埃希菌属和克雷伯菌属中观察到对β-内酰胺类药物的耐药性较高。对于氟喹诺酮类药物，除克雷伯菌属外，未发现明显耐药。最有效的抗生素是第二代和第三代头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类药物和非经典β-内酰胺类药物（头霉素、拉氧头孢和单环β-内酰胺类药物）。相反，发现对青霉素、苯唑西林、替卡西林、氨苄西林、甲氧西林、萘啶酸和西诺沙星有明显耐药。这些耐药模式与这些抗生素在全国的高消耗量相对应。
