Navidi W, Lurmann F
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1995 Apr-Jun;5(2):111-24.
The exposure of an individual to an air pollutant can be assessed indirectly, with a "microenvironmental" approach, or directly with a personal sampler. Both methods of assessment are subject to measurement error, which can cause considerable bias in estimates of health effects. If the exposure estimates are unbiased and the measurement error is nondifferential, the bias in a linear model can be corrected when the variance of the measurement error is known. Unless the measurement error is quite large, estimates of health effects based on individual exposures appear to be more accurate than those based on ambient levels.
个体对空气污染物的暴露可以通过“微环境”方法进行间接评估，也可以使用个人采样器直接评估。这两种评估方法都存在测量误差，这可能会在健康影响估计中造成相当大的偏差。如果暴露估计是无偏的且测量误差是非差异的，那么当测量误差的方差已知时，线性模型中的偏差可以得到校正。除非测量误差非常大，基于个体暴露的健康影响估计似乎比基于环境水平的估计更准确。
