Lyons K E, Kellas G, Martin M
Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, 66160-7314, USA.
Exp Aging Res. 1995 Jul-Sep;21(3):221-37. doi: 10.1080/03610739508253982.
The influences of inter- and intra-individual differences on context effects for young and older adults were examined. Results of a semantic priming task revealed two subsets of older adults who were markedly different in terms of response latency, consistency of responding, and magnitude of priming. Examination of individual response distributions indicated that (a) age differences in priming were localized to trials representing subjects' slowest responses and were eliminated for their fastest responses and (b) inconsistently responding older individuals contributed disproportionately to age differences in priming. The results are interpreted in terms of an interactive-compensatory model in which the ability to sustain attention is related to both priming and word recognition. It is concluded that the failure to examine individual differences may be contributing to the discrepant results in the literature.
研究了个体间和个体内差异对年轻人和老年人情境效应的影响。一项语义启动任务的结果显示，老年人群体可分为两个子集，在反应潜伏期、反应一致性和启动量方面存在显著差异。对个体反应分布的检查表明：（a）启动中的年龄差异局限于代表受试者最慢反应的试验，而在最快反应试验中则不存在；（b）反应不一致的老年个体对启动中的年龄差异贡献过大。研究结果根据交互式补偿模型进行解释，在该模型中，维持注意力的能力与启动和单词识别都相关。得出的结论是，未能检验个体差异可能导致了文献中相互矛盾的结果。
