Thoulon J M
Unité de pathologie maternelle et foetale, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon.
Rev Prat. 1995 Sep 15;45(14):1737-41.
Premature delivery is defined as birth between 22 and 37 weeks of pregnancy. Perinatal mortality and morbidity and their sequellae are strongly linked to gestational age. Minimum prematurity is around 3% of births. Medical risks of premature birth should be detected outside of pregnancy (uterine) or during pregnancy, at the first outpatient visit, the critical moment for establishing factors of risk. Preventive measures include awakening women to their responsibility, before and during pregnancy, and suppressing toxic agents (tobacco and alcohol). Treatment of medical causes of preterm birth is more effective if accompanied by measures acting on the environment, such as rest adapted to fatigue, improved environmental conditions, decentralisation and local situation of medical follow-up and social assistance, hospitalisation at home, telesurveillance and, in severe cases, total hospital rest (for which alternatives such as family hotels should be sought). Every element of the existing structures should be used complementarily.
早产定义为妊娠22至37周之间的分娩。围产期死亡率、发病率及其后遗症与孕周密切相关。最低早产率约为出生总数的3%。早产的医疗风险应在妊娠前（子宫方面）或妊娠期间首次门诊就诊时被检测出来，这是确定风险因素的关键时刻。预防措施包括在妊娠前和妊娠期间提高女性的责任意识，以及戒除有毒物质（烟草和酒精）。如果伴有针对环境的措施，如根据疲劳情况调整休息、改善环境条件、医疗随访和社会援助的分散化及因地制宜、居家住院治疗、远程监测，以及在严重情况下进行完全住院休息（对此应寻求诸如家庭旅馆等替代方案），那么对早产医学原因的治疗会更有效。现有结构的每个要素都应互补使用。
