Glomstein A
Institute for Haemophilia, Oslo, Norway.
Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1995 Jul;6 Suppl 2:S23-6. doi: 10.1097/00001721-199506002-00006.
The Council of Europe and the EEC Council of Ministers have strongly promoted self-sufficiency for plasma products on the basis of voluntary non-remunerated donors. Several European countries have a programme of self-sufficiency with plasma products, either with national fractionation plants (e.g. Belgium, Finland) or based on contract fractionation (e.g. Norway, Slovenia). Advantages of national self-sufficiency includes epidemiological factors, economical factors and also ethical and moral issues. Self-sufficiency is one of the basic conditions for reducing the hazard of transmission of infectious diseases. Norway has been self-sufficient with coagulation factors since 1981. Price mechanisms and market forces have been important factors in ensuring the necessary plasma volume, and fractionation methods rendering high yields of factor VIII are initially preferred. This policy has resulted in a low prevalence of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (6%), hepatitis B virus (28%) and hepatitis C virus (41%). No Norwegian haemophiliacs have been infected with hepatitis A through FVIII concentrates.
欧洲委员会和欧洲经济共同体部长理事会大力推动基于自愿无偿献血者的血浆制品自给自足。几个欧洲国家有血浆制品自给自足计划，有的依靠国家血浆分离厂（如比利时、芬兰），有的基于合同分离（如挪威、斯洛文尼亚）。国家自给自足的优势包括流行病学因素、经济因素以及伦理和道德问题。自给自足是降低传染病传播风险的基本条件之一。挪威自1981年起实现了凝血因子的自给自足。价格机制和市场力量是确保获得足够血浆量的重要因素，最初优先选择能高产量生产凝血因子VIII的分离方法。这一政策使得抗人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体（6%）、乙型肝炎病毒抗体（28%）和丙型肝炎病毒抗体（41%）的流行率较低。没有挪威血友病患者因VIII因子浓缩剂感染甲型肝炎。
