Levi F, La Vecchia C, Lucchini F, Negri E
Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Eur J Cancer Prev. 1995 Oct;4(5):389-417. doi: 10.1097/00008469-199510000-00009.
Histograms of all age-standardized (world population) death certification rates for 23 cancers or groups of cancers for the period 1990-92 were produced for 35 countries of the European region (including a dozen new national entities) providing data to the World ealth Organization database. Substantial variations were observed in mortality from most common sites. For lung cancer the rate in males was 81/100,000 in Hungary, followed by Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation and Poland, while in Sweden, Iceland and Norway, where comprehensive antismoking campaigns have been adopted over the last two decades, the rates were between 24 and 30 per 100,000 males. The lung cancer epidemic in European females is still in its early phases in most countries, with the sole exception of Scotland (29/100,000, ie the highest rates in the world), the rest of the UK, Denmark, Iceland, Ireland and Hungary. With reference to colorectal cancer, the highest rates were in the Czech Republic (38/100,000 males, 21/100,000 females) and other central European countries, and the lowest in Greece, Romania and a few Republics of the former Soviet Union, as well as Finland and Sweden. The highest gastric cancer mortality rates were in the Russian Federation (41/100,000 males, 18/100,000 females), followed by a few Republics of the former Soviet Union and Portugal in Western Europe. The highest breast cancer rates (25-29 per 100,000 females) were in the UK, Belgium, Ireland, The Netherlands, Denmark and other Scandinavian countries. For overall cancer mortality, the range of variation was between 260/100,000 in Hungary and 132/100,000 in Sweden for males, and between 142/100,000 in Denmark and 76/100,000 in Kyrgizstan for females, ie approximately a twofold variation in both sexes.
为向世界卫生组织数据库提供数据的欧洲区域35个国家（包括12个新的国家实体）制作了1990 - 92年期间23种癌症或癌症组的所有年龄标准化（世界人口）死亡证明率的直方图。观察到大多数常见部位的死亡率存在很大差异。对于肺癌，匈牙利男性的发病率为81/100,000，其次是比利时、捷克共和国、俄罗斯联邦和波兰，而在过去二十年中开展了全面反吸烟运动的瑞典、冰岛和挪威，男性发病率在每100,000人中有24至30人。在欧洲女性中，除了苏格兰（29/100,000，即世界上最高发病率）、英国其他地区、丹麦、冰岛、爱尔兰和匈牙利外，大多数国家的肺癌流行仍处于早期阶段。关于结直肠癌，发病率最高的是捷克共和国（男性38/100,000，女性21/100,000）和其他中欧国家，最低的是希腊、罗马尼亚、前苏联的一些共和国以及芬兰和瑞典。胃癌死亡率最高的是俄罗斯联邦（男性41/100,000，女性18/100,000），其次是前苏联的一些共和国和西欧的葡萄牙。乳腺癌发病率最高（每100,000名女性中有25 - 29人）的是英国、比利时、爱尔兰、荷兰、丹麦和其他斯堪的纳维亚国家。对于总体癌症死亡率，男性的变化范围在匈牙利的260/100,000和瑞典的132/100,000之间，女性在丹麦的142/100,000和吉尔吉斯斯坦的76/100,000之间，即两性的差异约为两倍。
