Zeisel S H, Mar M H, Zhou Z, da Costa K A
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill 27599-7400, USA.
J Nutr. 1995 Dec;125(12):3049-54. doi: 10.1093/jn/125.12.3049.
Choline is an important nutrient that is actively transported from mother to fetus across the placenta and from mother to infant across the mammary gland. Thus, pregnancy and lactation are times when dietary requirements for choline may be increased. Pregnant rats eating AIN-76A diet (with and without choline) for 6 d (d 12-18 gestation) were compared with nonmated female and male rats eating the same diets. Similarly, lactating rats were compared with nonmated female rats, both groups eating these same diets for 25 d (gestation d 12-postpartum d 15). We measured choline and choline metabolites in livers on the last day of feeding. Nonmated female rats, eating the control diet, had higher hepatic choline metabolites concentrations than did male rats (choline, 98%; betaine, 96%; and phosphorylcholine, 55% higher), pregnant rats (phosphorylcholine, 47%; and betaine, 42% higher) or lactating rats (phosphorylcholine, 49%; phosphatidylcholine, 37%; and betaine, 273% higher). We found that nonmated females eating a choline deficient diet had only a modest diminution (33%) of the labile choline metabolite PCho in liver, compared with similar rats eating a control diet. When compared with similar rats fed a choline-adequate diet, pregnant rats fed a choline-deficient diet had significantly great diminution of hepatic phosphorylcholine (83% lower) than did nonmated females. Liver phosphorylcholine was only 12% lower than in controls in nonmated females fed the deficient diet for the same 25-d period. Lactating rats were the most sensitive to choline deficiency, with liver phosphorylcholine 88% lower than in similar rats fed control diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
胆碱是一种重要的营养素，它通过胎盘从母体主动转运至胎儿，通过乳腺从母体转运至婴儿。因此，怀孕和哺乳期间对胆碱的膳食需求可能会增加。将妊娠第12至18天食用AIN-76A饮食（含或不含胆碱）6天的妊娠大鼠与食用相同饮食的未交配雌性和雄性大鼠进行比较。同样，将哺乳期大鼠与未交配雌性大鼠进行比较，两组均食用相同饮食25天（妊娠第12天至产后第15天）。我们在喂食的最后一天测量肝脏中的胆碱和胆碱代谢物。食用对照饮食的未交配雌性大鼠肝脏中的胆碱代谢物浓度高于雄性大鼠（胆碱高98%；甜菜碱高96%；磷酸胆碱高55%）、妊娠大鼠（磷酸胆碱高47%；甜菜碱高42%）或哺乳期大鼠（磷酸胆碱高49%；磷脂酰胆碱高37%；甜菜碱高273%）。我们发现，与食用对照饮食的类似大鼠相比，食用胆碱缺乏饮食的未交配雌性大鼠肝脏中不稳定胆碱代谢物磷酸胆碱仅适度减少（33%）。与喂食胆碱充足饮食的类似大鼠相比，喂食胆碱缺乏饮食的妊娠大鼠肝脏中磷酸胆碱的减少幅度（低83%）明显大于未交配雌性大鼠。在相同的25天期间喂食缺乏饮食的未交配雌性大鼠肝脏中的磷酸胆碱仅比对照组低12%。哺乳期大鼠对胆碱缺乏最为敏感，其肝脏中的磷酸胆碱比喂食对照饮食的类似大鼠低88%。（摘要截短于250字）
