Lin D L, Liu H, Chen C Y
Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China.
J Anal Toxicol. 1995 Sep;19(5):275-80. doi: 10.1093/jat/19.5.275.
Urine samples collected from one laboratory volunteer and five alleged heroin addicts are prepared (without preservatives) in 5-mL aliquots in glass culture tubes and stored at room, refrigerator, and freezer temperatures. Total morphine, total codeine, free morphine, and free codeine in these samples are analyzed at 30-day intervals for an 11-month period. Total morphine and total codeine concentration decreases are observed for all specimens in all storage conditions. For samples stored in the refrigerator and freezer, similar concentration decrease patterns are observed for total morphine and total codeine, and the decreases range from approximately 10 to 40%. The concentrations of free morphine and free codeine show slight but steady increases. For samples stored at room temperature, large decreases of total morphine are observed for three out of 10 specimens, and total codeine and total morphine concentrations (in seven other specimens) show a decrease pattern similar to that observed for the freezer and refrigerator storage conditions. Three concentration change patterns are observed for free morphine: The type I pattern follows the same decrease pattern observed for freezer and refrigerator storage conditions; the type II pattern shows free morphine increases (after 30-90 days of storage) that remain relatively high for the entire 11-month period; and the type III pattern shows initial increases, followed by gradual decreases to levels that are comparable with the specimens' respective initial concentrations. Free codeine concentrations show slight and steady increases for the entire 11-month period in all specimens.
从一名实验室志愿者和五名疑似海洛因成瘾者采集的尿液样本（不添加防腐剂），以5毫升 aliquots 的量分装在玻璃培养管中，并分别储存在室温、冰箱和冷冻温度下。在11个月的时间里，每隔30天对这些样本中的总吗啡、总可待因、游离吗啡和游离可待因进行分析。在所有储存条件下，所有样本的总吗啡和总可待因浓度均出现下降。对于储存在冰箱和冷冻柜中的样本，总吗啡和总可待因的浓度下降模式相似，下降幅度约为10%至40%。游离吗啡和游离可待因的浓度显示出轻微但持续的增加。对于储存在室温下的样本，10个样本中有3个样本的总吗啡大幅下降，另外7个样本的总可待因和总吗啡浓度呈现出与储存在冷冻柜和冰箱中的样本相似的下降模式。游离吗啡观察到三种浓度变化模式：I型模式遵循与储存在冷冻柜和冰箱中的样本相同的下降模式；II型模式显示游离吗啡在储存30 - 90天后增加，并在整个11个月期间保持相对较高水平；III型模式显示最初增加，随后逐渐下降至与样本各自初始浓度相当的水平。在所有样本的整个11个月期间，游离可待因浓度均显示出轻微且持续的增加。
