Radwin L E
Department of Nursing, College of Health Professions, University of Massachusetts at Lowell, USA.
Nurs Res. 1995 Nov-Dec;44(6):364-70.
A grounded theory method was used to study nurses' clinical decision making. Field notes, in-depth interviews, and documents were analyzed. The beginning process model contained the core concept, knowing the patient, a purposeful action whereby the nurse uses understanding of the patient's experiences, behaviors, feelings, and/or perceptions to select individualized interventions. Familiarity and intimacy were the properties of the core process; the patient-nurse interaction was the context. Three conditions included time, the nurse's experience, and other nurses' input. Four strategies facilitated the core process: empathizing, matching a pattern, developing a bigger picture, and balancing preferences with difficulties. Different strategies were used, as time and familiarity with the patient varied.
采用扎根理论方法研究护士的临床决策。对实地记录、深入访谈和文档进行了分析。初始过程模型包含核心概念“了解患者”，这是一种有目的的行为，护士借此利用对患者经历、行为、感受和/或认知的理解来选择个性化干预措施。熟悉度和亲密感是核心过程的属性；护患互动是背景。三个条件包括时间、护士的经验以及其他护士的意见。四种策略促进了核心过程：共情、匹配模式、形成整体认识以及在偏好与困难之间取得平衡。随着时间以及与患者熟悉程度的变化，会采用不同的策略。
