Gaston-Johansson F, Fall-Dickson J M
International and Extramural Programs, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Nurs Clin North Am. 1995 Dec;30(4):597-607.
Cancer is diagnosed currently in more than 1 million Americans every year and cancer pain is experienced by patients in all stages of the disease. Even though research indicates that optimal pharmacologic management alone can provide adequate relief for 70% to 90% of these patients, and additional relief can be obtained from nonpharmacologic interventions, the problem of pain continues to exist. This article focuses on the contributions of nurse scientists to the study of cancer pain during the last 5 years. Selected contributions of nursing research designs and methods to the understanding of pain caused by cancer and cancer treatment modalities are reviewed. Limitations of present methodologic approaches to the study of cancer pain and gaps in nursing knowledge are examined. Recommendations for future nursing research designs and methods used to study nursing management of cancer pain and the implications of projected future treatment modalities also are discussed.
目前，每年有超过100万美国人被诊断出患有癌症，癌症患者在疾病的各个阶段都会经历疼痛。尽管研究表明，仅采用最佳的药物治疗就能为70%至90%的此类患者提供充分的缓解，而且非药物干预措施还能带来额外的缓解，但疼痛问题依然存在。本文重点介绍了护士科学家在过去5年中对癌症疼痛研究的贡献。回顾了护理研究设计和方法在理解癌症及癌症治疗方式所致疼痛方面的部分贡献。审视了当前癌症疼痛研究方法的局限性以及护理知识方面的差距。还讨论了未来用于研究癌症疼痛护理管理的护理研究设计和方法的建议，以及预计未来治疗方式的影响。
