McDaniels T, Axelrod L J, Slovic P
University of British Columbia, Westwater Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
Risk Anal. 1995 Oct;15(5):575-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00754.x.
Relatively little attention has been paid to the role of human perception and judgment in ecological risk management. This paper attempts to characterize perceived ecological risk, using the psychometric paradigm developed in the domain of human health risk perception. The research began by eliciting a set of scale characteristics and risk items (e.g., technologies, actions, events, beliefs) from focus group participants. Participants in the main study were 68 university students who completed a survey instrument that elicited ratings for each of 65 items on 30 characteristic scales and one scale regarding general risk to natural environments. The results are presented in terms of mean responses over individuals for each scale and item combination. Factor analyses show that five factors characterize the judgment data. These have been termed: impact on species, human benefits, impact on humans, avoidability, and knowledge of impacts. The factor results correspond with initial expectations and provide a plausible characterization of judgments regarding ecological risk. Some comparisons of mean responses for selected individual items are also presented.
相对而言，人类认知和判断在生态风险管理中的作用很少受到关注。本文尝试利用人类健康风险认知领域中发展起来的心理测量范式来描述感知到的生态风险。该研究首先从焦点小组参与者那里获取了一组量表特征和风险项目（如技术、行动、事件、信念）。主要研究的参与者是68名大学生，他们完成了一份调查问卷，该问卷针对30个特征量表上的65个项目以及一个关于对自然环境的总体风险的量表进行评分。结果以每个量表和项目组合的个体平均反应来呈现。因子分析表明，五个因子表征了判断数据。这些因子被称为：对物种的影响、人类利益、对人类的影响、可避免性以及影响的知识。因子分析结果与最初的预期相符，并为有关生态风险的判断提供了合理的表征。文中还给出了部分选定单个项目平均反应的比较情况。
