Hollis J H
Monogr Am Assoc Ment Defic. 1978(3):1-53.
Operant conditioning techniques were applied to the study of stereotyped body-rocking movements. Six mentally retarded children were tested individually in a fully automated situation under the following conditions: (a) free operant baseline; (b) intense auditory stimulation; (c) variable-interval (VI) and fixed-ratio (FR) reinforcement schedules; (d) differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL); (e) differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO); and (f) noncontingent reinforcement. The results indicated: (a) intense auditory stimulation increased the rate of rocking movements in four of six subjects; (b) VI and FR schedules generated curves that are representative of these schedules; (c) DRL schedules decelerated high-rate rocking; (d) DRO schedules eliminated high-rate rocking; (e) noncontigent reinforcement increased variability and resulted in decreased rate of responding. In conclusion, the data support the hypothesis that body-rocking movements in the mentally retarded are an operant and reflect the established characteristics of reinforcement schedules and operant controls.
操作性条件反射技术被应用于对刻板的身体摇晃动作的研究。六名智力迟钝儿童在完全自动化的情境下接受单独测试，测试条件如下：(a) 自由操作基线；(b) 强烈听觉刺激；(c) 可变间隔（VI）和固定比率（FR）强化程序；(d) 低反应率差异强化（DRL）；(e) 其他行为差异强化（DRO）；以及(f) 非连续性强化。结果表明：(a) 强烈听觉刺激使六名受试者中的四名摇晃动作频率增加；(b) VI和FR程序产生了代表这些程序的曲线；(c) DRL程序使高频率摇晃减速；(d) DRO程序消除了高频率摇晃；(e) 非连续性强化增加了变异性并导致反应率下降。总之，数据支持这样的假设，即智力迟钝者的身体摇晃动作是一种操作性行为，反映了强化程序和操作性控制的既定特征。
