Kisselev L L
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia.
Biochimie. 1993;75(12):1027-39. doi: 10.1016/0300-9084(93)90002-a.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of higher organisms are far less studied compared to their prokaryotic and unicellular eukaryotic counterparts. However, many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from multi-cellular organisms exhibit certain features not yet described for the same enzymes of bacteria or yeast. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases (TrpRS) are among the most thoroughly studied mammalian enzymes of this group. TrpRS are Zn(2+)-dependent, dimeric, class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases with known amino acid sequence for four different mammalian orders. TrpRS is not associated in a stable multi-synthetase complex, although it exhibits a long N-terminal extension absent from bacterial TrpRS. The human gene encoding TrpRS belongs to the interferon-responsive gene family and TrpRS activity drastically increases after interferon gamma induction. For unknown reasons TrpRS is overproduced in pancreas of Ruminantia. Other data on TrpRS available so far are summarized and briefly discussed here.
与原核生物和单细胞真核生物的氨酰-tRNA合成酶相比，高等生物的氨酰-tRNA合成酶的研究要少得多。然而，许多来自多细胞生物的氨酰-tRNA合成酶表现出一些细菌或酵母中相同酶尚未描述的特征。色氨酰-tRNA合成酶（TrpRS）是这一类中研究最深入的哺乳动物酶之一。TrpRS是依赖锌（2+）的二聚体I类氨酰-tRNA合成酶，已知四种不同哺乳动物目动物的氨基酸序列。TrpRS不与稳定的多合成酶复合物相关联，尽管它具有细菌TrpRS所没有的长N端延伸。编码TrpRS的人类基因属于干扰素反应基因家族，在干扰素γ诱导后，TrpRS活性急剧增加。由于未知原因，反刍动物的胰腺中TrpRS过度产生。这里总结并简要讨论了目前可用的关于TrpRS的其他数据。
