Rowe G E, Welch R A
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
Methods Enzymol. 1994;235:657-67. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(94)35179-1.
The ability to produce a cytolytic toxin contributes to the success of many organisms in a particular niche by such diverse means as lysis of a phagolysosomal membrane of the macrophage by hemolysin from the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, disruption of leukocyte activity by the Escherichia coli hemolysin, and destruction of invading bacteria by hemolysin from the annelid Glycera dibranchiata. The relative contribution of erythrocyte lysis to survival of the cytolysin producer is still under investigation. Nevertheless, the hemolytic phenotype is both a powerful tool for identifying novel cytolysins and a convenient marker for studying cytolytic activity in established toxins.
产生溶细胞毒素的能力有助于许多生物体在特定生态位中取得成功，其方式多种多样，例如细胞内寄生虫克氏锥虫的溶血素可裂解巨噬细胞的吞噬溶酶体膜，大肠杆菌溶血素可破坏白细胞活性，以及环节动物双鳃内卷齿蚕的溶血素可破坏入侵细菌。红细胞裂解对溶细胞素产生者生存的相对贡献仍在研究中。然而，溶血表型既是鉴定新型溶细胞素的有力工具，也是研究既定毒素中溶细胞活性的便捷标记。
