Human cytogenetic biomonitoring of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene.

The association of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene and chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in 40 workers from two production facilities. Control persons, 30 in all, were chosen from other departments of the same plants, and they were roughly matched for age and smoking habits. The exposure levels to ambient butadiene were measured both by personal sampling using diffuse monitors and by stationary sampling at production and handling sites. Chromosome aberrations (CA), micronuclei (MN) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in peripheral lymphocytes were analyzed as markers of exposure. Smoking had a slight effect on the frequency of MN, and the mean frequency of SCEs was also higher in smokers than in non-smokers. No effect of smoking, however, was seen in relation to chromosomal aberrations. No exposure related effects were seen in any of the three cytogenetic endpoints in either of the butadiene production plants, representing typical low (below 3 ppm) exposure levels of the butadiene manufacturing industry.