Kreutzweiser D P, Capell S S, Wainio-Keizer K L, Eichenberg D C
Forestry Canada, Forest pest Management Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1994 Jun;28(1):14-24. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1994.1030.
The molt-inducing insecticide RH-5992, a potent ecdysone agonist, is being evaluated for potential use in forestry to control defoliating lepidopterans. The possible adverse effects of RH-5992 on nontarget aquatic organisms were studied in two test systems. Acute lethal effects were determined for one aquatic amphipod and 11 species of aquatic insects in laboratory flowthrough toxicity tests. Lethal and behavioral effects (drift response) on the amphipod and 8 species of stream insects were also evaluated under natural environmental conditions and more realistic exposure regimens in outdoor stream channels. There were no significant effects on drift or survival of the test species exposed to RH-5992 at the maximum test concentration of 3.5 mg/liter (100x the worst-case expected environmental concentration) in laboratory toxicity tests and stream channel treatments. Mortality of the amphipod Gammarus sp. in one toxicity test was considered an artifact, because there was no significant mortality in subsequent tests at concentrations up to 7.0 mg/liter, or in stream channels treated at 3.5 mg/liter. Yellow birch leaves were sprayed with RH-5992 at a rate of 50 g/ha and tested for residual toxic effects on two species of shredding invertebrates in the outdoor stream channels. There was no feeding inhibition or lethal effect on either test species resulting from consumption of the contaminated foliage. The candidate insecticide RH-5992 does not appear to pose undue risk of direct adverse effects to aquatic macroinvertebrates, particularly in water bodies where residues are likely to be short lived following aerial applications (e.g., lotic systems).
蜕皮诱导杀虫剂RH - 5992是一种强效蜕皮激素激动剂，目前正在评估其在林业中用于控制落叶鳞翅目昆虫的潜在用途。在两个测试系统中研究了RH - 5992对非靶标水生生物可能产生的不利影响。在实验室流水毒性试验中，测定了一种水生双足类动物和11种水生昆虫的急性致死效应。在自然环境条件下以及在室外河道更符合实际的暴露方案下，还评估了对双足类动物和8种溪流昆虫的致死和行为影响（漂移反应）。在实验室毒性试验和河道处理中，暴露于最高测试浓度3.5毫克/升（预期最坏环境浓度的100倍）的RH - 5992下，测试物种的漂移或存活没有显著影响。在一项毒性试验中，双足类动物斑纹钩虾的死亡被认为是人为造成的，因为在随后浓度高达7.0毫克/升的试验中，以及在以3.5毫克/升处理的河道中，都没有显著的死亡率。以50克/公顷的速率向黄桦树叶喷洒RH - 5992，并测试其对室外河道中两种碎食性无脊椎动物的残留毒性影响。食用受污染的树叶对两种测试物种均未产生摄食抑制或致死效应。候选杀虫剂RH - 5992似乎不会对水生大型无脊椎动物造成直接不利影响的过度风险，特别是在经过空中喷洒后残留物可能短暂存在的水体中（例如流水系统）。
