Rotenberg M
Hebrew University, Jerusalem.
Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 1994;31(3):162-9; discussion 189-99.
The Hebrew term Pardes has two meanings in Jewish study: the Paradise entered by four eminent Rabbis in search of mystical truth, and PaRDeS, four levels of interpreting Biblical texts. By combining the legend of Pardes with the hermeneutic system of PaRDeS, a psychological theory is presented as a set of propositions which endeavor to demonstrate the following: 1) The combination of Pardes and PaRDeS may be used as a bridge between the rational and mystic approaches to life and death. 2) The rational and the mystic stages each contain two phases: the negative break and the positive possibility of the symbolic "forty years old" more mature active remedy. 3) The "Acher-Akiva" and the "Ben Zoma-Ben Azai" dimensions do not necessarily represent four psychological personality types, but rather inner psychological struggles which may be experienced by one person in part or in full during different phases of his or her life cycle. The successful resolution of these inner psychological struggles may be facilitated by people's ability and motivation to find their one or more personally suitable "faces" from the "seventy" that are available for them. Thus, the road to "Pardes-paradise" is paved by people's own intentions.
希伯来语词汇“Pardes”在犹太研究中有两个含义：四位杰出拉比为探寻神秘真理而进入的乐园，以及“PaRDeS”，即圣经文本的四个解释层次。通过将Pardes的传说与PaRDeS的诠释体系相结合，提出了一种心理学理论，该理论由一组命题组成，旨在证明以下几点：1）Pardes与PaRDeS的结合可作为连接生死的理性与神秘方法之间的桥梁。2）理性阶段和神秘阶段各包含两个阶段：消极的突破以及象征“四十岁”更成熟积极补救措施的积极可能性。3）“阿克尔-阿基瓦”和“本·佐马-本·阿扎伊”维度不一定代表四种心理人格类型，而是一个人在其生命周期的不同阶段可能部分或全部经历的内心心理挣扎。人们从可供他们选择的“七十种”中找到一个或多个个人合适的“面孔”的能力和动机，可能有助于成功解决这些内心心理挣扎。因此，通往“Pardes-乐园”的道路是由人们自己的意图铺就的。
