MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Apr 14;44(14):273-5, 281.
In 1985, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) established as a goal the elimination of poliomyelitis from the Western Hemisphere by 1990; the last confirmed case of paralytic polio caused by wild poliovirus occurred in 1991 in Peru. In 1988, the World Health Assembly established the objective of global polio eradication by the year 2000. Substantial progress toward this goal has resulted from the use of four strategies recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO): 1) maintenance of high vaccination coverage levels among children with at least three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV); 2) development of sensitive systems of epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance, including use of the standard WHO case definition; 3) administration of supplementary doses of OPV to all young children (usually those aged < 5 years) during National Immunization Days (NIDs) to rapidly interrupt poliovirus transmission; and 4) "mopping-up" vaccination campaigns--localized campaigns targeted at high-risk areas where wild poliovirus transmission is most likely to persist at low levels (3). This report summarizes progress toward global polio eradication from 1985 through 1994 based on data submitted to WHO as of March 20, 1995.
1985年，泛美卫生组织（PAHO）设定了到1990年在西半球消除脊髓灰质炎的目标；1991年在秘鲁出现了最后一例由野生脊髓灰质炎病毒引起的确诊麻痹性脊髓灰质炎病例。1988年，世界卫生大会确立了到2000年在全球根除脊髓灰质炎的目标。通过采用世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的四项策略，在实现这一目标方面取得了重大进展：1）确保至少三剂口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗（OPV）的儿童疫苗接种覆盖率维持在较高水平；2）建立灵敏的流行病学和实验室监测系统，包括使用WHO标准病例定义；3）在国家免疫日（NIDs）期间，为所有幼儿（通常为年龄<5岁者）补充接种OPV，以迅速阻断脊髓灰质炎病毒传播；4）开展“扫荡”式疫苗接种活动——针对野生脊髓灰质炎病毒最有可能在低水平持续传播的高危地区开展的局部活动（3）。本报告根据截至1995年3月20日提交给WHO的数据，总结了1985年至1994年期间在全球根除脊髓灰质炎方面取得的进展。
