MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996 Jul 5;45(26):565-8.
In 1988, the World Health Assembly established a target to eradicate poliomyelitis worldwide by the year 2000. To achieve this goal, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends four strategies: 1) achievement and maintenance of high routine vaccination coverage levels among children with at least three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV); 2) development of sensitive systems of epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance, including the use of the standard WHO case definition; 3) administration of supplementary doses of OPV to all young children (usually those aged < 5 years) during National Immunization Days (NIDs) to rapidly interrupt poliovirus transmission; and 4) "mopping-up" vaccination campaigns--localized campaigns targeted at high-risk areas where poliovirus transmission is most likely to persist at low levels. This report updates progress toward global polio eradication based on information submitted to WHO as of April 15, 1996.
1988年,世界卫生大会制定了到2000年在全球根除脊髓灰质炎的目标。为实现这一目标,世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐了四项策略:1)在儿童中实现并维持至少三剂口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)的高常规疫苗接种覆盖率;2)建立敏感的流行病学和实验室监测系统,包括使用WHO标准病例定义;3)在国家免疫日(NIDs)期间,给所有幼儿(通常为年龄<5岁者)补充接种OPV,以迅速阻断脊髓灰质炎病毒传播;4)开展“扫荡”式疫苗接种运动——针对脊髓灰质炎病毒传播最有可能在低水平持续存在的高危地区开展的局部运动。本报告根据截至1996年4月15日提交给WHO的信息,更新了全球根除脊髓灰质炎的进展情况。