Wersäll J
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1995;519:26-9. doi: 10.3109/00016489509121866.
Fifty years of experience with aminoglycoside antibiotics has confirmed their usefulness in many infections with Gram-negative bacteria. The ototoxic action has been investigated clinically in patients and in numerous animal studies. The increased knowledge about molecular structure, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics as well as information of the site of action in the labyrinth has resulted in reduced risks for severe toxic damage in kidneys and in the ear. Nevertheless, a number of cases of severe hearing loss and a few cases of deafness still occur every year. Further studies on modified molecular structure as well as site of action at the molecular level and ways of avoiding toxicity will make this group of antibiotics still more useful.
五十年来使用氨基糖苷类抗生素的经验证实了它们在许多革兰氏阴性菌感染中的有效性。其耳毒性作用已在患者身上以及众多动物研究中进行了临床调查。对分子结构、药理学和药代动力学的了解不断增加，以及关于内耳作用部位的信息，降低了肾脏和耳朵发生严重毒性损害的风险。然而，每年仍有一些严重听力损失病例和少数耳聋病例发生。对修饰分子结构以及分子水平作用部位和避免毒性方法的进一步研究将使这类抗生素更加有用。
