Abel E L, Hannigan J H
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1995 May;30(3):345-55.
Worldwide epidemiological studies on the effects of drinking during pregnancy on birth weight and prematurity were surveyed. Far more studies have reported no significant effects on birth weight than have reported significant decreases. Statistical analyses of the means from the prospective studies in this area indicated that both maternal smoking and alcohol consumption during gestation are associated with a significant decrease in birth weight. The effect of smoking is three times greater than the effect of alcohol. When the data were stratified by smoking status, maternal alcohol consumption did not have a significant effect on birth weight for non-smokers, but among smokers there was a significant linear trend with a threshold for decreased birth weight at about an average of two drinks per day. There was also a significant pattern of increased birth weight associated with low levels of alcohol consumption, suggesting an inverted 'J-shaped' function between drinking during pregnancy and birth weight.
对全球范围内关于孕期饮酒对出生体重和早产影响的流行病学研究进行了调查。报告称对出生体重无显著影响的研究远多于报告出生体重显著下降的研究。对该领域前瞻性研究的均值进行统计分析表明，孕期母亲吸烟和饮酒均与出生体重显著下降有关。吸烟的影响比饮酒大三倍。当数据按吸烟状况分层时，母亲饮酒对不吸烟者的出生体重没有显著影响，但在吸烟者中，存在显著的线性趋势，出生体重下降的阈值约为平均每天两杯酒。同时，也存在与低水平饮酒相关的出生体重增加的显著模式，这表明孕期饮酒与出生体重之间呈倒“J”形函数关系。
