Fong L P, Taouk Y
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1995 May;23(2):101-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1995.tb00137.x.
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: A recent survey of general hospitals by the Victorian Injury Surveillance System found that ocular trauma represented 15% of work-related injuries. As circumstances surrounding occupational eye injuries have been poorly documented previously, their associations to occupation, industry and work-safety practices, including safety eyewear use, need to be identified to develop appropriate preventive strategies for high-risk groups.
From a prospective cross-sectional survey of all eye injuries treated at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, work-related cases were analysed for demographic, occupational and safety eye-wear information. Hospital-based data were supplemented by information from WorkCover Authorities and Labour Force statistics to derive incidence and cost estimates.
There were 9390 eye injuries during the 18-month survey period; 42% (n=3923) of total and 29% (n=52) of penetrating ocular injuries occurred at work. The most frequently injured were metal, automotive and building trades workers grinding and drilling (41% of outpatients) and hammering (53% of penetrating eye injuries). Automotive workers had the highest frequency for penetrating injuries, and most were exposed to hammering and were also the least likely to wear safety eye-wear.
Eye injuries are frequent (10% of work-related injuries) and highly preventable by the correct use of safety eye-wear, a cost-effective intervention that may result in cost savings of $59 million for work-type activities in the occupational and domestic settings in Australia each year.
目的/背景：维多利亚州伤害监测系统最近对综合医院进行的一项调查发现，眼外伤占与工作相关伤害的15%。由于此前关于职业性眼外伤的相关情况记录甚少，需要确定其与职业、行业及工作安全措施（包括安全眼镜的使用）之间的关联，以便为高危群体制定适当的预防策略。
通过对皇家维多利亚眼耳医院治疗的所有眼外伤进行前瞻性横断面调查，分析与工作相关病例的人口统计学、职业和安全眼镜信息。利用工伤保险公司和劳动力统计数据补充基于医院的数据，以得出发病率和成本估算。
在为期18个月的调查期内，共发生9390起眼外伤；其中42%（n = 3923）的眼外伤及29%（n = 52）的穿透性眼外伤发生在工作期间。受伤频率最高的是从事研磨和钻孔工作（门诊患者的41%）以及锤击工作（穿透性眼外伤的53%）的金属、汽车和建筑行业工人。汽车行业工人穿透性眼外伤的发生率最高，大多数人接触锤击工作，且最不可能佩戴安全眼镜。
眼外伤很常见（占与工作相关伤害的10%），通过正确使用安全眼镜可高度预防，这是一种具有成本效益的干预措施，每年可为澳大利亚职业和家庭环境中的工作类型活动节省5900万美元的成本。
