Baker R S, Wilson M R, Flowers C W, Lee D A, Wheeler N C
Division of Ophthalmology, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA.
Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Aug;122(2):213-9. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72012-4.
To obtain population-based estimates of the incidence of severe work-related ocular trauma and to identify demographic factors related to increased risk of this type of injury.
A statewide population-based survey of severe work-related ocular injury was performed using hospital discharge data. These data were derived from all inpatient admissions to nonfederal, acute-care hospital facilities in the state of California during 1988. Worker's compensation was used as the principal payor code to establish the work-relatedness of a given ocular injury. Census data for the state of California were used to obtain population denominators.
Two hundred sixty-nine (approximately 14.3%) of all admissions for which ocular trauma was the principal diagnosis (1,876) were work related. Annual incidence for severe work-related ocular injury was 1.76 per 100,000 employed persons when ocular trauma was the principal diagnosis and 2.98 per 100,000 employed persons when ocular trauma was a principal or secondary diagnosis. Projected to the working-age United States population (128 million) these annual rates correspond to an estimated 2,165 acute hospitalizations for work-related ocular trauma as the principal diagnosis, and an estimated 3,745 acute hospitalizations for work-related ocular trauma as a principal or secondary diagnosis. Incidence of severe work-related ocular injury was highest among men, Hispanics, and individuals 20 to 24 years of age (5.02, 3.72, and 4.64 per 100,000 employed per year, respectively).
The workplace accounts for a substantial proportion of severe ocular injury. Demographic groups at highest risk for this type of injury are men, Hispanics, and young adults.
获取基于人群的严重职业性眼外伤发病率估计值，并确定与这类损伤风险增加相关的人口统计学因素。
利用医院出院数据对全州范围内的严重职业性眼外伤进行基于人群的调查。这些数据来自1988年加利福尼亚州所有非联邦急症护理医院设施的住院患者。工伤赔偿被用作确定特定眼外伤与工作相关性的主要支付者代码。加利福尼亚州的人口普查数据用于获取人口分母。
在以眼外伤为主要诊断的所有入院病例（1876例）中，有269例（约14.3%）与工作有关。当眼外伤为主要诊断时，严重职业性眼外伤的年发病率为每10万名就业人员1.76例；当眼外伤为主要或次要诊断时，年发病率为每10万名就业人员2.98例。按美国工作年龄人口（1.28亿）推算，这些年发病率分别对应于估计2165例以职业性眼外伤为主要诊断的急性住院病例，以及估计3745例以职业性眼外伤为主要或次要诊断的急性住院病例。严重职业性眼外伤的发病率在男性、西班牙裔以及20至24岁的人群中最高（每年每10万名就业人员分别为5.02例、3.72例和4.64例）。
工作场所导致的严重眼外伤占很大比例。这类损伤风险最高的人群是男性、西班牙裔和年轻人。
