Hammer E F
Int J Psychoanal Psychother. 1978;7:240-53.
In addition to the issues of content, timing and depth of interpretation in the service of enabling insight, recall, or deepening of the analytic regression, we might consider the more intangible manner, or style, in which the interpretation is offered. Several writers (Fenichel 1941, Glover 1955, Kris 1951, Ornstein and Ornstein 1975) have raised the possibility that what the patient receives and absorbs of the analyst's communications is not only a function of what is said but, on a more subtle level, how it is said. When interpreting, the analyst often subordinates image to idea, so that what emerges is treatise, polemic, or catechism-anything but revelation or a deeper vision. In contrast, in poetry we experience the most effective, the most concentrated and emotionally textured communication man has, as yet, devised. It is through richly layered imagery that the poet works to create those fusions of echoed meanings that can set off landslides of resonating associations in readers. Can we, then, learn from the poet, for our interpretive interventions, something about the art of expression? This paper addresses an issue of style of interpreting, one of concretizing images of the patient's underlying psychic states.
除了在促进洞察、回忆或深化分析性退行方面的内容、时机和解释深度等问题外,我们还可以考虑提供解释的更无形的方式或风格。几位作者(费尼切尔,1941年;格洛弗,1955年;克里斯,1951年;奥恩斯坦和奥恩斯坦,1975年)提出,患者从分析师的交流中接收和吸收的内容不仅取决于所说的内容,在更微妙的层面上,还取决于说话的方式。在进行解释时,分析师常常将形象置于观念之下,结果呈现出来的是论文、论战文章或问答式说教——完全不是启示或更深刻的见解。相比之下,在诗歌中,我们体验到了人类迄今所创造的最有效、最浓缩且情感丰富的交流方式。诗人通过丰富多层的意象来努力创造那些意义共鸣的融合,从而在读者心中引发一连串共鸣联想的“雪崩”。那么,我们能否从诗人那里学到一些关于表达艺术的东西,用于我们的解释性干预呢?本文探讨了一种解释风格的问题,即如何将患者潜在心理状态的意象具体化。