Johnson E, Jaax N, White J, Jahrling P
US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA.
Int J Exp Pathol. 1995 Aug;76(4):227-36.
The potential of aerogenic infection by Ebola virus was established by using a head-only exposure aerosol system. Virus-containing droplets of 0.8-1.2 microns were generated and administered into the respiratory tract of rhesus monkeys via inhalation. Inhalation of viral doses as low as 400 plaque-forming units of virus caused a rapidly fatal disease in 4-5 days. The illness was clinically identical to that reported for parenteral virus inoculation, except for the occurrence of subcutaneous and venipuncture site bleeding and serosanguineous nasal discharge. Immunocytochemistry revealed cell-associated Ebola virus antigens present in airway epithelium, alveolar pneumocytes, and macrophages in the lung and pulmonary lymph nodes; extracellular antigen was present on mucosal surfaces of the nose, oropharynx and airways. Aggregates of characteristic filamentous virus were present within type I pneumocytes, macrophages, and air spaces of the lung by electron microscopy. Demonstration of fatal aerosol transmission of this virus in monkeys reinforces the importance of taking appropriate precautions to prevent its potential aerosol transmission to humans.
通过使用仅头部暴露的气溶胶系统确定了埃博拉病毒空气传播感染的可能性。生成了直径为0.8 - 1.2微米的含病毒飞沫，并通过吸入将其输送到恒河猴的呼吸道。吸入低至400个病毒空斑形成单位的病毒剂量会在4 - 5天内引发迅速致命的疾病。这种疾病在临床上与经肠胃外接种病毒所报告的疾病相同，只是出现了皮下和静脉穿刺部位出血以及血清血性鼻分泌物。免疫细胞化学显示，在气道上皮、肺泡上皮细胞、肺和肺淋巴结中的巨噬细胞中存在与细胞相关的埃博拉病毒抗原；在鼻子、口咽和气道的粘膜表面存在细胞外抗原。通过电子显微镜观察，在I型肺泡上皮细胞、巨噬细胞和肺的气腔内存在特征性丝状病毒聚集体。这种病毒在猴子中致命气溶胶传播的证实强化了采取适当预防措施以防止其向人类气溶胶传播的重要性。
