Borriello S P
Institute of Infections and Immunity, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Jun;20 Suppl 2:S242-50. doi: 10.1093/clinids/20.supplement_2.s242.
Clostridia are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Some of the most common clostridial infections are those of the gut. The primary infections in humans are Clostridium perfringens food poisoning and Clostridium difficile-mediated antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. Less common but important infections include non-food poisoning C. perfringens nosocomial diarrhea and C. perfringens type C necrotizing jejunitis (pig-bel). C. perfringens is also the dominant cause of gastrointestinal infections in animals, although Clostridium septicum causing braxy in sheep, Clostridium colinum causing ulcerative enteritis is avian species, and Clostridium spiroforme causing enterotoxemia in rabbits are important exceptions.
梭菌是人和动物发病及死亡的重要原因。一些最常见的梭菌感染发生在肠道。人类的主要感染包括产气荚膜梭菌食物中毒以及艰难梭菌介导的抗生素相关性腹泻和结肠炎。较不常见但重要的感染包括非食物中毒性产气荚膜梭菌医院内腹泻和C型产气荚膜梭菌坏死性空肠炎（猪霍乱）。产气荚膜梭菌也是动物胃肠道感染的主要原因，不过引起绵羊猝击症的败血梭菌、引起禽类溃疡性肠炎的鹑鸡肠梭菌以及引起兔肠毒血症的螺旋形梭菌是重要的例外情况。
