Harford J B
RiboGene, Inc., Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
Gene Expr. 1995;4(6):357-67.
Viruses utilize the protein synthetic machinery of their host. Nonetheless, certain features of the synthesis of viral proteins are distinct from those of host-cell translation. Examples include internal ribosome entry sites in some viral mRNAs and ribosomal frameshifting during production of retroviral proteins. Viruses often inhibit host translation and/or possess mechanisms leading to preferential synthesis of viral proteins. In addition, a participant in the cellular antiviral response is the enzyme PKR (protein kinase, RNA activated), which is involved in the control of cellular translation. Thus, viruses and host cells wage war on the battlefield of translation. The distinctive features of protein synthesis in virally infected cells provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Translation-targeted therapeutics have precedence in antibiotics like tetracycline and erythromycin. Means for discovery of translation-targeted therapeutics for viral disease are discussed.
病毒利用宿主的蛋白质合成机制。然而，病毒蛋白质合成的某些特征与宿主细胞翻译的特征不同。例如，一些病毒mRNA中的内部核糖体进入位点以及逆转录病毒蛋白质产生过程中的核糖体移码。病毒通常会抑制宿主翻译和/或拥有导致病毒蛋白质优先合成的机制。此外，细胞抗病毒反应的参与者之一是酶PKR（蛋白激酶，RNA激活），它参与细胞翻译的控制。因此，病毒和宿主细胞在翻译的战场上展开了斗争。病毒感染细胞中蛋白质合成的独特特征为治疗干预提供了潜在靶点。以翻译为靶点的治疗方法在四环素和红霉素等抗生素中已有先例。本文讨论了发现针对病毒疾病的以翻译为靶点的治疗方法。
