Moore K N, Rayome R G
J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 1995 Sep;22(5):242-7. doi: 10.1097/00152192-199509000-00012.
Long-term use of an indwelling catheter is seldom free of problems, and the complications associated with indwelling catheters cause significant morbidity and mortality. Often there are alternatives to long-term catheterization; it is assumed in this article that the patient will have been appropriately assessed for other methods of continence control. In this article, leakage around the catheter (bypassing) is discussed. This problem is multifactorial: irritation caused by the catheter balloon, improper sizing of catheter, confusion of the patient, bacteriuria, constipation or fecal impaction, blocked catheters, problems related to materials used in catheter construction, and improper positioning of the catheter are all potential problems contributing to leakage in the patient with an indwelling catheter. Emphasis is placed on etiology because understanding the underlying problem is crucial to implementing effective treatment.
长期使用留置导管很少没有问题，并且与留置导管相关的并发症会导致显著的发病率和死亡率。通常有替代长期导管插入术的方法；本文假定已对患者是否适合采用其他控制尿失禁的方法进行了适当评估。本文讨论了导管周围渗漏（旁流）问题。这个问题是多因素的：导管球囊引起的刺激、导管尺寸不合适、患者意识模糊、菌尿症、便秘或粪便嵌塞、导管堵塞、与导管构造所用材料相关的问题以及导管位置不当，这些都是导致留置导管患者出现渗漏的潜在问题。重点放在病因上，因为了解潜在问题对于实施有效治疗至关重要。
