Raitanen M P, Nieminen P, Tammela T L
Department of Surgery, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Br J Urol. 1995 Oct;76(4):470-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1995.tb07748.x.
To evaluate the impact of the grade, stage number and size of the tumour and of smoking and sex of patient on survival, and the relationship between smoking and tumour grade, stage, number and size, and sex of patient in patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder.
The study comprised 252 consecutive patients with histologically verified TCC of the bladder reporting to Oulu University Central Hospital between 1978 and 1986. The average duration of follow-up was 6.7 years. The association between smoking and other covariates was analysed by cross-tabulation and standard chi-squared analyses. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain estimated survival curves and significant differences determined using log rank statistics.
Smoking had no impact on tumour grade, stage, size and number or aggressiveness of metastases. Prognosis was noticeably better if the patient did not smoke, as 27% of the non-smokers and 40% of the smokers had died during the first 10 years after diagnosis. Survival was also better in patients with low grade (I, II), non-invasive (Ta/T1) and small (< or = 3 cm) tumours.
In addition to the well-known prognostic factors (histological grade and stage of the tumour), smoking is a risk factor for bladder cancer and also has an impact on prognosis, leading to higher mortality from the disease in the longer term.
评估肿瘤分级、分期数量及大小以及患者吸烟情况和性别对生存的影响，以及吸烟与膀胱移行细胞癌（TCC）患者肿瘤分级、分期、数量、大小及患者性别的关系。
本研究纳入了1978年至1986年间连续就诊于奥卢大学中心医院的252例经组织学证实的膀胱TCC患者。平均随访时间为6.7年。通过交叉表和标准卡方分析来分析吸烟与其他协变量之间的关联。采用Kaplan-Meier方法获得估计生存曲线，并使用对数秩统计量确定显著差异。
吸烟对肿瘤分级、分期、大小、数量或转移侵袭性无影响。如果患者不吸烟，预后明显更好，因为在诊断后的前10年中，27%的非吸烟者和40%的吸烟者死亡。低级别（I、II级）、非侵袭性（Ta/T1）和小（≤3 cm）肿瘤患者的生存情况也更好。
除了众所周知的预后因素（肿瘤的组织学分级和分期）外，吸烟是膀胱癌的一个危险因素，并且对预后也有影响，从长远来看会导致该疾病更高的死亡率。
