Nicklas T A
Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112-2824, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 Oct;95(10):1127-33. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00305-3.
For more than 20 years the Bogalusa Heart Study has been collecting data on children's dietary intakes in a biracial community. The macronutrient contribution of children's diets is similar to that in diets of adolescents: 13% of energy from protein, 49% from carbohydrate, and 38% from fat. As children get older, mean intakes of vitamins and minerals per 1,000 kcal decrease. Ten-year-old children in 1987-1988 were 3 lb heavier than 10-year-olds in 1973-1974. Yet total energy intakes remained virtually the same from 1973 to 1988. The composition of macronutrients shifted over the 15-year period, with an increase in the percentage of energy from protein and carbohydrate and a decrease in the percentage of energy from total fat, particularly saturated fat. Dietary cholesterol intake also decreased as a result of a decrease in egg consumption. Although the diets of children changed positively from 1973 to 1988, more than 75% of children consumed more total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol than the recommended amounts. School meals had a major impact on the diets of children. School breakfast and lunch, together, contributed approximately 50% of the day's total intake of energy, protein, cholesterol, carbohydrate, and sodium. About 40% of daily total fat intake came from school breakfast and lunch. The diets of children in the Bogalusa study are similar to those reported in national studies of children. What might be different, however, are the types of foods consumed and their contribution to intakes of specific nutrients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
20多年来，博加卢萨心脏研究一直在一个多种族社区收集儿童饮食摄入数据。儿童饮食中的宏量营养素贡献与青少年饮食相似：13%的能量来自蛋白质，49%来自碳水化合物，38%来自脂肪。随着儿童年龄增长，每1000千卡的维生素和矿物质平均摄入量会减少。1987 - 1988年的10岁儿童比1973 - 1974年的10岁儿童重3磅。然而，从1973年到1988年，总能量摄入量基本保持不变。在这15年期间，宏量营养素的构成发生了变化，来自蛋白质和碳水化合物的能量百分比增加，来自总脂肪（尤其是饱和脂肪）的能量百分比下降。由于鸡蛋消费量减少，膳食胆固醇摄入量也有所下降。尽管从1973年到1988年儿童的饮食有了积极变化，但超过75%的儿童摄入的总脂肪、饱和脂肪和胆固醇超过了推荐量。学校餐对儿童饮食有重大影响。学校早餐和午餐加起来约占一天总能量、蛋白质、胆固醇、碳水化合物和钠摄入量的50%。每日总脂肪摄入量的约40%来自学校早餐和午餐。博加卢萨研究中儿童的饮食与全国儿童研究报告的相似。然而，所消费食物的类型及其对特定营养素摄入量的贡献可能有所不同。（摘要截选至250字）
