Rogers I S, Ness A R, Hebditch K, Jones L R, Emmett P M
Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jul;61(7):856-64. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602592. Epub 2007 Jan 10.
To compare the food and nutrient intakes of primary school children eating school dinners and packed lunches.
Six-hundred and twenty-one 7-year-old children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children in South West England.
Diet was assessed by 3-day unweighed food record.
The composition of both types of school meals compared unfavourably with dietary guidelines. Intakes of energy, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), calcium, iron, folate, retinol equivalents, zinc, copper, magnesium, iodine and riboflavin were too low, and intakes of total and saturated fat were too high. However, children who ate school dinners had higher lunchtime intakes of protein, starch, NSP and most vitamins and minerals and lower intakes of sugar (14.2 and 20.9% of energy in school dinners and packed lunches, respectively, P<0.001) and saturated fat (12.0 and 16.2%, P<0.001). Only around half of the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables was eaten by children having either type of school meal. There were also differences in the whole day's nutrient intake according to school meal type. Children eating packed lunches had lower daily intakes of potassium and zinc, and higher intakes of sugar and saturated fat. Differences in nutrient intake were independent of maternal education.
The food and nutrient content of both school dinners and packed lunches needed improvement. However, the standard of food brought from home by children was, if anything, worse than that served at school. Recent moves to improve school dinners will need to be complemented by education about what constitutes a healthy packed lunch.
比较吃学校晚餐和自带午餐的小学生的食物及营养摄入量。
621名7岁儿童，他们参与了英格兰西南部开展的雅芳亲子纵向研究。
通过3天非称重食物记录评估饮食情况。
两类学校餐的组成与饮食指南相比均不理想。能量、非淀粉多糖（NSP）、钙、铁、叶酸、视黄醇当量、锌、铜、镁、碘和核黄素的摄入量过低，而总脂肪和饱和脂肪的摄入量过高。然而，吃学校晚餐的儿童午餐时蛋白质、淀粉、NSP以及大多数维生素和矿物质的摄入量较高，糖（学校晚餐和自带午餐中糖的能量占比分别为14.2%和20.9%，P<0.001）和饱和脂肪（12.0%和16.2%，P<0.001）的摄入量较低。吃任何一类学校餐的儿童摄入的水果和蔬菜量仅约为推荐量的一半。根据学校餐类型，全天的营养摄入量也存在差异。吃自带午餐的儿童每日钾和锌的摄入量较低，糖和饱和脂肪的摄入量较高。营养摄入量的差异与母亲的教育程度无关。
学校晚餐和自带午餐的食物及营养成分都需要改善。然而，孩子们从家里带来的食物标准，如果有什么不同的话，比学校提供的更差。最近改善学校晚餐的举措需要辅以关于健康自带午餐构成的教育。
