Whitson P A, Putcha L, Chen Y M, Baker E
Medical Sciences Division, NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
J Pineal Res. 1995 Apr;18(3):141-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1995.tb00152.x.
Melatonin and cortisol were measured in saliva and urine samples to assess the effectiveness of a 7-day protocol combining bright-light exposure with sleep shifting in eliciting a 12-hr phase-shift delay in eight U.S. Space Shuttle astronauts before launch. Baseline acrophases for 15 control subjects with normal sleep-wake cycles were as follows: cortisol (saliva) at 0700 (0730 in urine); melatonin (saliva) at 0130 (6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate at 0230 in urine). Acrophases of the astronaut group fell within 2.5 hr of these values before the treatment protocols were begun. During the bright-light and sleep-shifting treatments, both absolute melatonin production and melatonin rhythmicity were diminished during the first 3 treatment days; total daily cortisol levels remained constant throughout the treatment. By the fourth to sixth day of the 7-day protocol, seven of the eight crew members showed phase delays in all four measures that fell within 2 hr of the expected 11- to 12-hr shift. Although cortisol and melatonin rhythms each corresponded with the phase shift, the rhythms in these two hormones did not correspond with each other during the transition.
对唾液和尿液样本中的褪黑素和皮质醇进行了测量，以评估在发射前对8名美国航天飞机宇航员采用强光照射与睡眠调整相结合的7天方案，能否有效引发12小时的相位延迟。15名睡眠-清醒周期正常的对照受试者的基线峰相位如下：皮质醇（唾液）为07:00（尿液中为07:30）；褪黑素（唾液）为01:30（尿液中硫酸6-羟基褪黑素为02:30）。在开始治疗方案之前，宇航员组的峰相位在这些值的2.5小时范围内。在强光和睡眠调整治疗期间，前3个治疗日的褪黑素绝对分泌量和褪黑素节律性均降低；整个治疗期间每日皮质醇总量保持恒定。在7天方案的第4至6天，8名机组人员中有7人在所有四项测量中均出现了相位延迟，延迟时间在预期的11至12小时移位的2小时范围内。尽管皮质醇和褪黑素节律均与相位变化一致，但在转变过程中这两种激素的节律彼此并不一致。
