Hopper D M, Hopper J L, Elliott B C
School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University of Technology, Shenton Park, WA 6008, USA.
J Sports Sci. 1995 Jun;13(3):213-22. doi: 10.1080/02640419508732230.
The aim of this study was to determine which kinanthropometric and performance variables predict injuries in female netball players. In a prospective study, 72 volunteer grade A netball players (mean age 20.6 +/- 3.6 years, range 15-36 years) were measured for hypermobility, somatotype, static balance, jumping abilities and anaerobic fitness at the University of Western Australia Human Movement Performance Laboratory prior to the start of their 14-week season. Injuries were classified by site, diagnosis and severity, and were monitored throughout the entire season by the same physiotherapist at the Western Australia (WA) Matthews Netball Centre, Perth, Australia. A total of 22 injuries in 22 players were recorded, affecting the ankle joint lateral ligament complex (59%), knee ligaments (18%), back (18%) and Achilles tendon (5%). Injuries were more common among grade A1 players than other grades (54 vs 19%, P < 0.001). Within grade A1 players, the proportion of injuries decreased with age (P < 0.05). Players were more likely to have had an injury if they had better jumping ability, better anaerobic fitness and if they were low on the endomorphy somatotype scale (P < 0.05). After allowing for both jumping ability and endomorphy, there was no longer a significant difference between A1 and non-A1 players in their risk for injury. Young elite players are at a substantially increased risk of injury. This higher risk appears to be associated with--if not a direct consequence of--their being thinner, fitter and having more powerful jumping capabilities. This suggests that injury-prevention programmes should be targeted at elite players, especially the younger ones.
本研究的目的是确定哪些人体测量学和运动表现变量可预测女子无挡板篮球运动员的损伤情况。在一项前瞻性研究中，72名志愿参与的甲级无挡板篮球运动员（平均年龄20.6±3.6岁，年龄范围15 - 36岁）在其为期14周的赛季开始前，于西澳大利亚大学人体运动表现实验室测量了关节活动过度情况、体型、静态平衡、跳跃能力和无氧适能。损伤按部位、诊断和严重程度进行分类，并由澳大利亚珀斯西澳大利亚（WA）马修斯无挡板篮球中心的同一名物理治疗师在整个赛季进行监测。共记录了22名运动员的22处损伤，累及踝关节外侧韧带复合体（59%）、膝关节韧带（18%）、背部（18%）和跟腱（5%）。甲级一等球员比其他等级球员更容易受伤（54%对19%，P<0.001）。在甲级一等球员中，损伤比例随年龄下降（P<0.05）。跳跃能力更好、无氧适能更好且在内胚层体型量表得分较低的球员更易受伤（P<0.05）。在考虑跳跃能力和内胚层体型后，甲级一等球员和非甲级一等球员在受伤风险上不再有显著差异。年轻的精英球员受伤风险大幅增加。这种较高风险似乎与他们更瘦、更健康以及具有更强的跳跃能力有关——即便不是直接结果。这表明损伤预防计划应针对精英球员，尤其是年轻球员。
