Nord E
National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Med Decis Making. 1995 Jul-Sep;15(3):201-8. doi: 10.1177/0272989X9501500302.
The person-trade-off technique is a way of estimating the social values of different health care interventions. Basically it consists in asking people how many outcomes of one kind they consider equivalent in social value to X outcomes of another kind. The paper outlines a number of the author's previous studies using the technique. The studies suggest that while the technique is theoretically appealing for resource-allocation purposes, it is in practice quite demanding. It needs to be applied in fairly large groups of subjects to keep random measurement error at an acceptable level. Possible framing effects include the effects of argument presentation and the choice of start points in numerical exercises. To control for these effects, it seems important to take subjects through a multistep procedure, in which they are induced to carefully consider the various arguments that might be relevant in each exercise and to reconsider initial responses in the light of their implications. The investigator must also think through which decision context he or she wishes to study and make his or her choice of context very clear when reporting the results. In spite of these problems, the person-trade-off technique deserves greater attention in the field of cost-utility analysis.
个人权衡技术是一种估计不同医疗保健干预措施社会价值的方法。基本上，它在于询问人们他们认为一种结果的多少在社会价值上等同于另一种结果的X个。本文概述了作者先前使用该技术进行的一些研究。研究表明，虽然该技术在理论上对于资源分配目的很有吸引力，但在实践中要求很高。它需要应用于相当大的一组受试者，以将随机测量误差保持在可接受的水平。可能的框架效应包括论点呈现的影响和数值练习中起点的选择。为了控制这些影响，让受试者经历一个多步骤程序似乎很重要，在这个程序中，促使他们仔细考虑每个练习中可能相关的各种论点，并根据其含义重新考虑初始反应。研究者还必须仔细思考他或她希望研究哪种决策背景，并在报告结果时非常明确地选择背景。尽管存在这些问题，个人权衡技术在成本效用分析领域值得更多关注。
