Blackburn S
Neonatal Netw. 1995 Oct;14(7):15-25.
Jaundice is a common physiologic problem seen in both term and preterm infants. Normal transitional changes in bilirubin metabolism lead to physiological jaundice in many infants. In some infants these normal changes at birth may be exaggerated, such as occurs with immaturity, or may interact with health alterations (pathologic jaundice), resulting in the accumulation of excess bilirubin and development of hyperbilirubinemia. Caregivers must appreciate the processes and the basis for physiologic jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia and recognize infants at risk for these disorders. This article reviews neonatal bilirubin metabolism as a basis for understanding the causes and treatment of physiologic jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia arising from either physiologic or pathologic causes. Patterns of bilirubin in breast fed infants are discussed along with other issues related to breast feeding and jaundice. Treatment of hyperbilirubinemia and implications for nursing assessment and management of infants under phototherapy are also described.
黄疸是足月儿和早产儿中常见的生理问题。胆红素代谢的正常过渡性变化会导致许多婴儿出现生理性黄疸。在一些婴儿中，出生时的这些正常变化可能会被夸大，比如在不成熟的情况下，或者可能与健康改变相互作用（病理性黄疸），导致胆红素过量积聚和高胆红素血症的发生。护理人员必须了解生理性黄疸和高胆红素血症的过程及基础，并识别有这些疾病风险的婴儿。本文回顾新生儿胆红素代谢，作为理解生理性黄疸和由生理或病理原因引起的高胆红素血症的病因及治疗的基础。还讨论了母乳喂养婴儿的胆红素模式以及与母乳喂养和黄疸相关的其他问题。此外，还描述了高胆红素血症的治疗以及对接受光疗婴儿的护理评估和管理的影响。
