Land M, Horwood J
Sussex Centre for Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Nature. 1995 Sep 28;377(6547):339-40. doi: 10.1038/377339a0.
A driver steering a car on a twisting road has two distinct tasks: to match the road curvature, and to keep a proper distance from the lane edges. Both are achieved by turning the steering wheel, but it is not clear which part or parts of the road ahead supply the visual information needed, or how it is used. Current models of the behaviour of real drivers or 'co-driver' simulators vary greatly in their implementation of these tasks, but all agree that successful steering requires the driver to monitor the angular deviation of the road from the vehicle's present heading at some 'preview' distance ahead, typically about 1 s into the future. Eye movement recordings generally support this view. Here we have used a simple road simulator, in which only certain parts of the road are displayed, to show that at moderate to high speeds accurate driving requires that both a distant and a near region of the road are visible. The former is used to estimate road curvature and the latter to provide position-in-lane feedback. At lower speeds only the near region is necessary. These results support a two-stage model of driver behaviour.
匹配道路曲率，并与车道边缘保持适当距离。这两项任务都是通过转动方向盘来完成的，但目前尚不清楚前方道路的哪些部分提供了所需的视觉信息，以及这些信息是如何被利用的。当前真实司机行为模型或“副驾驶”模拟器在这些任务的实现方式上有很大差异，但都认为成功驾驶需要司机在前方某个“预瞄”距离（通常约为未来1秒）处监测道路与车辆当前行驶方向的角度偏差。眼动记录总体上支持这一观点。在此，我们使用了一个简单的道路模拟器，其中仅显示道路的某些部分，以表明在中高速行驶时，准确驾驶需要道路的远处和近处区域都可见。前者用于估计道路曲率，后者用于提供车道内位置反馈。在较低速度下，仅近处区域就足够了。这些结果支持了一种两阶段的司机行为模型。
